The stability of colloidal material and dispersions is one of the most important factors in quality assurance or development and formulation of new products. Long measuring time, imprecise and non-significant measurements due to only selective and low-resolution measurements of the zeta potential often lead to a faulty analysis of the dispersion stability and thus cause high costs for a company. In addition, agglomeration of particles can reduce production efficiency and product quality, so a measurement method that can accurately determine the critical coagulation point is needed.
Nowadays, particle surface charge and interface potentials, such as the zeta potential and the streaming potential, are widely used to characterize the stability of suspensions, emulsions and nanoparticles. These parameters have established as a typical measure representing the electrostatic repulsion between particles.
The Stabino® II from Colloid Metrix provides very fast, precise and reproducible particle charge measurements due to its high resolution and data point density, respectively. Thus, the Stabino® II is able to measure the surface charge of particles in the range of 0.3 nm to 300 μm, with a concentration range of up to 40% by volume. Due to the optimized measuring technology, the Stabino® II can determine 5 parameters simultaneously and within a few seconds:
- zeta potential
- streaming potential
- conductivity
- pH value
- temperature
In addition, the Stabino® II has a built-in titration function where all the parameters are determined simultaneously at every titration dosage step. The determination of the isoelectric point is one of the possibilities of titration and is determined within a few minutes.
Your titration applications:
pH titration: Determination of the isoelectric point and stable pH ranges.
Polyelectrolyte titration: Statements about the stability and charge density.
Titration with dispersant: For dispersant optimization.
Titration with salts: Zeta potential as a function of the conductivity.
Formulation: Titration with additives to obtain the optimum in the formulation of your products.
Your benefits at a glance
5 measurement parameters simultaneously:
To determine the quality of your samples, you need more than just one measurement parameter?
With each measuring point, the Stabino® II provides information about the conductivity, zeta potential, streaming potential, temperature and pH of your sample.
Measurig during the titration:
With the Stabino® II software, your entire titration or measurement can be tracked in real time, because for each titrated droplet you will receive a measuring point in the graph including all 5 measurement parameters.
Easy operation:
To focus only on the results, the software has been made as easy-to-use as possible. Just pour in 1 - 10 mL sample into the Teflon beaker of the Stabino® II, open the software and start the measurement.
Fast measuring time:
Most known analytical systems are based on electrophoresis zeta potential, with which titrations are often too inaccurate and too time consuming. For a high sample throughput and thus valuable time savings the Stabino® II was optimized so that the parameters required for e.g. quality assurance or formulation can be determined within seconds. For a polyelectrolyte or pH titration the Stabino® II takes approx. 5 - 15 minutes and generates several hundreds of data points.
Extension: In-situ size distribution:
You are not only interested in the surface charge of your sample but also want to determine the particle size distribution?
The NANO-flex® II 180° DLS can be perfectly combined with the Stabino®, so that the NANO-flex® II sensor can easily be integrated into the Stabino® Teflon beaker. The size distribution can either be determined stand-alone or can be tracked e.g. during a charge titration. The coagulation becomes "visible" in situ by the particle size and it is possible to identify the critical agglomeration point of a sample. This is especially helpful to assess colloidal systems even more.
Adapted titration speed:
The titration speed of the Stabino® II can be adjusted to the reaction rate of your sample. For this the software offers the possibility to define standard operating procedures (SOPs) as desired.
"Mix and Measure" - a huge advantage:
Due to the continuous and rapid mixing of the sample and the titration solution, a charge titration is completed in minutes and additionally prevents sedimentation.
Quantitative determination of the acid groups of cellulose and nanocellulose with polyelectrolyte titrations
Due to their universal availability, remarkable properties and outstanding biocompatibility,…
Stability Analysis of green Tea with the Stabino®
In many applications, the particle charge and particle size as well as the agglomeration behaviour…
The European Centre for Dispersion Technology (EZD) uses the Combination of Stabino® & NANO-flex® (DUO-S) for the Characterization of various Dispersions
The European Centre for Dispersion Technology (EZD) is an interdisciplinary research and technology…
Stabino® Zeta Potential – Titrations now from 0°C to 90°C - and condensation-free.
The zero point of charge in form of the IEP with pH titrations and the charge density by consumption…
Comparing three zeta potential analyzers for pulp characterization - Stabino® comes out first for titration and size range
In the world of paper making, zeta potential is important to understand the interactions between…
Controlling critical coagulation of pigments and fillers
Particle charge is one of the vital parameters1 in coating and retention optimization. pH setting…
Charge titration – a fast alternative to the forciertest
The stability of filtered beer is a main attribute for the brewing industry. To analyze the…
Flocculant optimized by charge titration with Stabino®
Recycling the water of particle suspensions is often initiated with a partial flocculation.…
Zeta potential distribution of 1 nm particles
Below 5 nm, due to lack of signal, with most analytical systems it is difficult to measure…
Ionic Charge Mapping of Macromolecular Solutions and Dispersions
Titrating ionic liquids to a dispersion delivers comprehensive insight in the ionic behavior of a…
Easy understanding of particle charge and efficient use of it
You are new in the field of particle charge analysis? Please feel yourself invited to learn how to…
Particle Charge Titrations on cationic SiO2- and Al2O3- Suspensions
By chemical modification of the particles interface, it is possible to control their repulsing…
Isoelectric point determination of powder suspensions
Sedimentation is often the limiting factor for doing particle charge characterization of particle…
Influencing algae reproduction conditions by ionic additives
Ionic additives in algae cell suspensions are a useful tool to control the density, compactness and…
Solubility of Proteins by Ionic Charge Monitoring
Protein molecules such as lysozymes, insulin or albumin have polyelectrolyte characteristics with…
Controlling the Efficiency of the Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes by Ionic Charge Titration
Frequently, functionalization of particle interfaces, in particular with ionic end groups, is done…
Zeta potential and size measurement of nanoparticles by laser scattering video microscopy
Published as poster at the Nanotech Europe 2009 conference & exhibition in Berlin, 28th – 30th of September at the Technical University in Berlin by…
Comprehensive Ionic Charge Sensing for Macromolecules and Particles
Published as poster at the ACS Colloid & Surface Science Symposium, June 14-19, 2009 @ Columbia University, New York, NY, by Dr. Hanno Wachernig,…
Stabino®
Dai, Y., Lv, R., Huang, D. et al. Sorption of Uranium on a Bifunctional Polymer of Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic Acid Cross-Linked β-Cyclodextrin in the Presence of Humic Acid: Kinetics, Isotherms, and Thermodynamics. Water Air Soil Pollut (2018) 229: 124. doi.org/10.1007/s11270-018-3771-8Abstract
Köklükaya, O., Carosio, F. & Wågberg, L. Tailoring flame-retardancy and strength of papers via layer-by-layer treatment of cellulose fibers. Cellulose (2018). doi.org/10.1007/s10570-018-1749-8Abstract
Kirnev, P.C.S., de Carvalho, J.C., Miyaoka, J.T. et al. Harvesting Neochloris oleoabundans using commercial organic flocculants. J Appl Phycol (2018). doi.org/10.1007/s10811-018-1429-yAbstract
Carla Yoko Tanikawa de Andrade, Isabel Yamanaka, Laís S. Schlichta, Sabrina Karim Silva, Guilherme F. Picheth, Luiz Felipe Caron, Juliana de Moura, Rilton Alves de Freitas, Larissa Magalhães Alvarenga. Physicochemical and immunological characterization of chitosan-coated bacteriophage nanoparticles for in vivo mycotoxin modeling. Carbohydrate Polymers, Volume 185, 1 April 2018, Pages 63-72 Abstract
Tahani Kaldéus, Malin Nordenström, Anna Carlmark, LarsWågberg, Eva Malmström. Insights into the EDC-mediated PEGylation of cellulose nanofibrils and their colloidal stability. Carbohydrate Polymers, Volume 181, 1 February 2018, Pages 871-878 Abstract
Peng Li, Bao Zhun, Xuegang Wang, PingPing Liao, Guanghui Wang, Lizhang Wang, Yadan Guo, and Weimin Zhang. Highly Efficient Interception and Precipitation of Uranium(VI) from Aqueous Solution by Iron-Electrocoagulation Combined with Cooperative Chelation by Organic Ligands. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2017, 51 (24), pp 14368–14378, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b05288, Publication Date (Web): November 28, 2017 Abstract
Gabriela Bonfanti Vieira, Humberto Jorge José, Michael Peterson, Vanessa Zanon Baldissarelli, Pedro Alvarez, Regina de Fátima Peralta Muniz Moreira. CeO2/TiO2 nanostructures enhance adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of organic compounds in aqueous suspension. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, Volume 353, 15 February 2018, Pages 325-336 Abstract
Marisela Martínez-Quiroz, Eduardo A.López-Maldonado, Adrián Ochoa-Terán, Georgina E. Pina-Luis, Mercedes T. Oropeza-Guzman Modification of chitosan with carbamoyl benzoic acids for testing its coagulant-flocculant and binding capacities in removal of metallic ions typically contained in plating wastewater, Chemical Engineering Journal, Volume 332, 15 January 2018, Pages 749-756 Abstract
Di Zhang, Chengtao Wang, Qihang Bao, Jie Zheng, Di Deng, Yuqing Duan, Lingqin Shen The physicochemical characterization, equilibrium, and kinetics of heavy metal ions adsorption from aqueous solution by arrowhead plant (Sagittaria trifolia L.) stalk, J Food Biochem. 2017;e12448. doi.org/10.1111/jfbc.12448Abstract
J Zaloga, A Feoktystov, VM Garamus, W Karawacka et al. Studies on the Adsorption and Desorption of Mitoxantrone to Lauric Acid/Albumin Coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles, Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, Volume 161, 1 January 2018, Pages 18-26 Fulltext
NS Msinjili, W Schmidt, A Rogge, HC Kühne Performance of rice husk ash blended cementitious systems with added superplasticizers, Cement and Concrete Composites, Volume 83, October 2017, Pages 202-208 Abstract
O Köklükaya, F Carosio, L Wågberg Superior Flame-Resistant Cellulose Nanofibril Aerogels Modified with Hybrid Layer-by-Layer Coatings, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2017, 9 (34), pp 29082–29092, DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b08018, Publication Date (Web): August 2, 2017 Abstract
S Heid, H Unterweger, R Tietze, RP Friedrich, B Weigel et al. Synthesis and Characterization of Tissue Plasminogen Activator—Functionalized Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Targeted Fibrin Clot Dissolution, Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017, 18(9), 1837; doi:10.3390/ijms18091837 Fulltext
M Nordenström, AB Fall, G Nyström, L Wågberg Formation of Colloidal Nanocellulose Glasses and Gels, Langmuir, 2017, 33 (38), pp 9772–9780, DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b01832 Publication Date (Web): August 30, 2017 Abstract
Nsesheye Susan Msinjili, Wolfram Schmidt, Andreas Rogge, Hans-Carsten Kühne Performance of rice husk ash blended cementitious systems with added superplasticizers. Cement and Concrete Composites Volume 83, October 2017, Pages 202-208Abstract
Oruç Köklükaya , Federico Carosio, and Lars Wågberg. Superior Flame-Resistant Cellulose Nanofibril Aerogels Modified with Hybrid Layer-by-Layer Coatings. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2017, 9 (34), pp 29082–29092 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b08018, Publication Date (Web): August 2, 2017Abstract
Nikolas Wilkinson, Athena Metaxas, Eric Brichetto, Susith Wickramaratne, Theresa M. Reinekec, Cari S. Dutcher Ionic Strength Dependence of Aggregate Size and Morphology on Polymer-Clay Flocculation. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, Available online 30 June 2017, In Press, Accepted Manuscript Abstract
Galt, Greer "ADSORPTION OF SALICYLHYDROXAMIC ACID ON SELECTED RARE EARTH OXIDES AND CARBONATES" (2017). Graduate Theses & Non-Theses. 124. Fulltext
Chen, H., Wang, Y., Zhao, W. et al. Phosphorylation of graphene oxide to improve adsorption of U(VI) from aquaeous solutions. J Radioanal Nucl Chem (2017). doi:10.1007/s10967-017-5274-2Abstract
J. Nduwa-Mushidi, C. G. Anderson Surface Chemistry and Flotation Behaviors of Monazite–Apatite–Ilmenite–Quartz–Rutile–Zircon with Octanohydroxamic Acid. J. Sustain. Metall. (2017) 3:62–72 DOI 10.1007/s40831-016-0114-0Fulltext
Almeida, É.S., de Oliveira, D. & Hotza, D. Characterization of silver nanoparticles produced by biosynthesis mediated by Fusarium oxysporum under different processing conditions. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng (2017). doi:10.1007/s00449-017-1788-9Abstract
Zhiyang Zheng, Youqun Wang, Wuwei Zhao, Guoxuan Xiong, Xiaohong Cao, Ying Dai, Zhanggao Le, Shenglong Yu, Zhibin Zhang, Yunhai Liu Adsorptive removal of uranyl ions in aqueous solution using hydrothermal carbon spheres functionalized with 4-aminoacetophenone oxime group. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, May 2017, Volume 312, Issue 2, pp 187–1987 Abstract
Eduardo A. López-Maldonadoa, Oscar Gabriel Zavala García, Kevin Cruz Escobedo, Mercedes T. Oropeza-Guzman Evaluation of the chelating performance of biopolyelectrolyte green complexes (NIBPEGCs) for wastewater treatment from the metal finishing industry. Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 335, 5 August 2017, Pages 18–27 Abstract
Shanshan Luo, Richard Griffith, Wenkui Li, Peng Peng, Yanling Cheng, Paul Chen, Min M. Addy, Yuhuan Liu, Roger Ruan A continuous flocculants-free electrolytic flotation system for microalgae harvesting. Bioresource Technology, Volume 238, August 2017, Pages 439–449 Abstract
Diana Ibarra-Rodríguez, Jaime Lizardi-Mendoza, Eduardo A. López-Maldonado, Mercedes T. Oropeza-Guzmán Capacity of ‘nopal’ pectin as a dual coagulant-flocculant agent for heavy metals removal. Chemical Engineering Journal, Volume 323, 1 September 2017, Pages 19–28 Abstract
Priscila L. Rachadel, Douglas F. Souza, Eduardo H.M. Nunes, João C. Diniz da Costa, Wander L. Vasconcelos, Dachamir Hotza A novel route for manufacturing asymmetric BSCF-based perovskite structures by a combined tape and freeze casting method. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, Available online 25 April 2017, In Press, Corrected ProofAbstract
SAGIRLI, FZ Engin; KAYALI, E. S.; SARAC, A. S. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopic Study on Polypyrrole/Barium Titanate/Poly (acrylonitrile-co-methylacrylate) Nanoparticles. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 2016, 163. Jg., Nr. 3, S. H205-H212.Abstract
CHEN, Sheng-Chieh, et al. An experimental study of ultrafiltration for sub-10nm quantum dots and sub-150 nm nanoparticles through PTFE membrane and Nuclepore filters. Journal of Membrane Science, 2016, 497. Jg., S. 153-161.Abstract
ALBUQUERQUE, P. CONTRIBUTION TO THE EVALUATION AND THE CHARACTERIZATION OF METAL NANOPARTICLES IN OCCUPATIONAL ENVIRONMENTS.Fulltext
STEINBORN, Gabriele; GEMEINERT, Marion; SCHMIDT, Wolfram. Vergleich verschiedener Messverfahren zur Partikelgrößenanalyse am Beispiel von nanodispersem ZrO2‐Pulver. Chemie Ingenieur Technik, 2016.Abstract
WÅHLANDER, Martin, et al. Hydrophobic matrix-free graphene-oxide composites with isotropic and nematic states. Nanoscale, 2016..Abstract
JAHANGIRI, Hadi; ÖVEÇOĞLU, M. Lütfi. Determination of crystallite size, strain and solubility in mechanically alloyed W-xTi (x= 0.5, 1.0, 4.0 and 10.0 wt%) powder alloys. Materials Letters, 2016, 178. Jg., S. 193-196.Abstract
KUCHENBECKER, Petra. The Analytical centrifuge–an additional tool to optimize ceramic slurries for spray drying. 2016.Abstract
PINTO, Moisés L., et al. Storage and delivery of nitric oxide by microporous titanosilicate ETS-10 and Al and Ga substituted analogues. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 2016, 229. Jg., S. 83-89.Abstract
MUSHI, Ngesa Ezekiel, et al. Nanostructurally Controlled Hydrogel Based on Small‐Diameter Native Chitin Nanofibers: Preparation, Structure, and Properties. ChemSusChem, 2016, 9. Jg., Nr. 9, S. 989-995.Abstract
ZHANG, Yicheng. Froth flotation of xenotime. 2016. Doktorarbeit. Colorado School of Mines.Fulltext
MARKSTEDT, Kajsa, et al. 3D Bioprinting Human Chondrocytes with Nanocellulose–Alginate Bioink for Cartilage Tissue Engineering Applications. Biomacromolecules, 2015, 16. Jg., Nr. 5, S. 1489-1496. Abstract
BUI, Minh-Phuong Ngoc; AHMED, Snober; ABBAS, Abdennour. Single-Digit Pathogen and Attomolar Detection with the Naked Eye Using Liposome-Amplified Plasmonic Immunoassay. Nano letters, 2015, 15. Jg., Nr. 9, S. 6239-6246.PubMed
ANDERSON, Caelen D. Improved understanding of rare earth surface chemistry and its application to froth flotation. 2015. Doktorarbeit. Colorado School of Mines.Fulltext
FERNANDES, Joana P., et al. Unveiling the potential of novel yeast protein extracts in white wines clarification and stabilization. Frontiers in chemistry, 2015, 3. Jg.PubMed
FERNANDES, Joana P., et al. Unveiling the potential of novel yeast protein extracts in white wines clarification and stabilization. Frontiers in chemistry, 2015, 3. Jg.PubMed
UHLIG, Martin, et al. Two-Dimensional Aggregation and Semi-Dilute Ordering in Cellulose Nanocrystals. Langmuir, 2015.Abstract
USOV, Ivan, et al. Understanding nanocellulose chirality and structure-properties relationship at the single fibril level. Nature communications, 2015, 6. Jg.Abstract
SAGIRLI, FZ Engin, et al. In-situ preparation and characterization of pyrrole and tert-butyl 1-pyrrole-carboxylate on barium titanate/poly (acrylonitrile-co-methylacrylate) nanoparticles. Reactive and Functional Polymers, 2015.Abstract
ANDERSON, Caelen D. Fundamentals of rare earth flotation surface chemistry: Electrokinetic phenomena. Minerals & Metallurgical Processing, 2014, 31. Jg., Nr. 3.Abstract
ESLAHIAN, Kyriakos A., et al. Specific salt effects on thermophoresis of charged colloids. Soft matter, 2014, 10. Jg., Nr. 12, S. 1931-1936.Abstract
WITTMAR, Alexandra, et al. Influence of the cation alkyl chain length of imidazolium-based room temperature ionic liquids on the dispersibility of TiO2 nanopowders. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 2013, 15. Jg., Nr. 3, S. 1-12.Abstract
StabiSizer® / Stabino®
Shahram Nekouei, Farzin Nekouei, Hanieh Kargarzadeh. Synthesis of ZnO photocatalyst modified with activated carbon for a perfect degradation of ciprofloxacin and its secondary pollutants. Chem. 2018;32:e4198. doi.org/10.1002/aoc.4198Abstract
Maren Möller, Nikolay Tarabanko, Claas Wessel, Rüdiger Ellinghaus, Herbert Over* and Bernd M. Smarsly. Electrospinning of CeO2 nanoparticle dispersions into mesoporous fibers: on the interplay of stability and activity in the HCl oxidation reaction. DOI: 10.1039/C7RA03020G (Paper) RSC Adv., 2018, 8, 132-144 Fulltext
Peter Kosiol, Marie Theres Müller, Benjamin Schneider, Björn Hansmann, Volkmar Thom, Mathias Ulbricht. Determination of pore size gradients of virus filtration membranes using gold nanoparticles and their relation to fouling with protein containing feed streams. Journal of Membrane Science, Volume 548, 15 February 2018, Pages 598-608 Abstract
Mohammad Reza Karimi Pur, Morteza Hosseini, Farnoush Faridbod, Mohammad Reza Ganjali, Saman Hosseinkhani Early detection of cell apoptosis by a cytochrome C label-Free electrochemiluminescence aptasensor, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, Volume 257, March 2018, Pages 87-95 Abstract
Somayeh Khezri, Morteza Bahram and Naser Samadi A dual-mode nanosensor based on the inner filter effect of gold nanoparticles on the fluorescence of CdS quantum dots for sensitive detection of arginine, Analytical Methods, 2017, Advance Article Abstract
H Bensalah, MF Bekheet, SA Younssi, M Ouammou et al. Removal of cationic and anionic textile dyes with Moroccan natural phosphate, Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, Volume 5, Issue 3, June 2017, Pages 2189-2199 Abstract
M Nouri, H Ezzatpanah The Quality of The UHT Skim Milk as Affected by Addition of Rennet Skim Milk, Nutrition and Food Sciences Research, 2017 Fulltext
C Bojer, J Schöbel, T Martin, T Lunkenbein et al. Mesostructured ZnO/Au nanoparticle composites with enhanced photocatalytic activity, Polymer, Volume 128, 16 October 2017, Pages 65-70 Abstract
J Meyer, M Ulbricht Poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) diblock copolymers as functional additive for poly(vinylidene fluoride) ultrafiltration membranes with tailored separation performance, Journal of Membrane Science, Volume 545, 1 January 2018, Pages 301-311 Abstract
ASM Wittmar, Q Fu, M Ulbricht Photocatalytic and magnetic porous cellulose-based nanocomposite films prepared by a green method, ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng., 2017, 5 (11), pp 9858–9868, DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b01830, Publication Date (Web): September 10, 2017 Abstract
Isabella Tavernaro, Christian Cavelius, Henrike Peuschel and Annette Kraegeloh Bright fluorescent silica-nanoparticle probes for high-resolution STED and confocal microscopy. Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1283–1296. doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.130, Received 19 Dec 2016, Accepted 16 May 2017, Published 21 Jun 2017Fulltext
Taher Alizadeh, Mohammad Reza Ganjali, Faride Rafiei, Maedeh Akhoundian Synthesis of nano-sized timolol-imprinted polymer via ultrasonication assisted suspension polymerization in silicon oil and its use for the fabrication of timolol voltammetric sensor. Msc(2017), doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.168Fulltext
NEALE, Peta A., et al. Behaviour of titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles in the presence of wastewater-derived organic matter and implications for algal toxicity. Environmental Science: Nano, 2015.Abstract
GAJDA, Aleksandra M.; ULBRICHT, Mathias. Magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticle heaters in smart porous membrane valves. Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 2014, 2. Jg., Nr. 10, S. 1317-1326.Abstract
GOGOI, Madhulekha; DEB, Pritam. Magneto-fluorescent hybrid of dye and SPION with ordered and radially distributed porous structures. Applied Surface Science, 2014, 298. Jg., S. 130-136.Abstract
BORDBAR, A. K., et al. Characterization of modified magnetite nanoparticles for albumin immobilization. Biotechnology research international, 2014, 2014. Jg.PubMed
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VAKILI TAHAMI, S. H.; RANJBAR, Z.; BASTANI, S. Aggregation and Charging Behavior of Polydisperse and Monodisperse Colloidal Epoxy-Amine Adducts. Soft Materials, 2013, 11. Jg., Nr. 3, S. 334-345.Abstract
BIVER, M.; SHOTYK, W. Stibiconite (Sb3 O6OH), senarmontite (Sb2O3) and valentinite (Sb2O3): dissolution rates at pH 2-11 and isoelectric points. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2013.Abstract
WITTMAR, Alexandra, et al. Influence of the cation alkyl chain length of imidazolium-based room temperature ionic liquids on the dispersibility of TiO2 nanopowders. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 2013, 15. Jg., Nr. 3, S. 1-12.Abstract
FROST, Sven; ULBRICHT, Mathias. Thermoresponsive ultrafiltration membranes for the switchable permeation and fractionation of nanoparticles. Journal of Membrane Science, 2013.Abstract
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MARKGRAF, Wibke; MORENO, Felix; HORN, Rainer. Physikochemische und rheologische Parameter eines natürlichen und eines meliorierten Fluvaquents in SW-Spanien (Sevilla). 2011.Fulltext
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Application Beer
K. Müller-Auffermann, M. Hutzler, H. Schneiderbanger and F. Jacob: “Scientific Evaluation of Different Methods for the Determination of Yeast Vitality” BrewingScience – Monatsschrift für Brauwissenschaft, 64, 2011 pp. 107-118 J. Abstract
Titze, M. Christian, F. Jacob, H. Parlar, V. Ilberg,: The Possibilities of Particle Analysis Demonstrated by the Measurement of the Colloidal Stability of Filtered Beer. – Journal of the Institute of Brewing 116, 2010, Nr. 4, S. 405-412.Fulltext
Titze, M. Christian, F. Jacob, H. Parlar and V. Ilberg: “The Possibilities of Particle Analysis Demonstrated by the Measurement of the Colloidal Stability of Filtered Beer” J. Inst. Brew. 116(4), 2010 S.405–412 J. Abstract
J. Titze, V. Ilberg, F. Jacob, H. Parlar: „Einsatzmöglichkeiten der Ladungstitrationsmethode zur Beurteilung der chemisch-physikalischen Bierstabilität, Teil 2.“ Brauwelt 148, Nr. 23, 2008, S. 624-527. Abstract
Titze, V. Ilberg, F. Jacob, H. Parlar: „Einsatzmöglichkeiten der Ladungstitrationsmethode zur Beurteilung der chemisch-physikalischen Bierstabilität, Teil 1.“ Brauwelt 148, Nr. 18/19, 2008, S. 506-509.
Titze, V. Ilberg, A. Friess, F. Jacob, H. Parlar: Enhanced long term stability measurement using a charge analyzing system. – In: Proceedings of the 31th EBC Congress, Venice, European Brewery Convention, 2007, S. 718-735. J. Abstract
1) Which industries use streaming potential?
All industries, most of them in inks, food/beverages, new nanomaterials, ceramics, chemistry.
2) What is the difference between zeta potential and streaming potential?
The zeta potential is appearing at the shear plane. It cannot be measured directly. All setups listed below under a) to c) result in a signal but not as a direct zeta potential.
The most frequent methods are:
a) applying an electric field → electrophoretic mobility
b) applying a streaming fluid → streaming current /streaming potential
c) applying an ultrasonic wave → vibration current
All 3 methods are shearing away the free counter ions from the shear plane. This creates a potential decrease which is correlated to the number of these sheared free ions. The potential decrease therefore correlates to the surface charge and the zeta potential of any interface, including the interface of particles. The calculation of a theoretically absolute zeta potential from making one of these 3 setups is complicated as it is based on assumptions. Electrophoresis is most frequently used, applying the Smoluchowski formula to calculate the zeta potential from the measured electrophoretic mobility. Although it is valid for a limited range of size and concentration, it is widely accepted. Therefore, other methods calibrate to the electrophoresis Smoluchowski calculation.
Absolute Charge Determination: More important than zeta potential is the total charge measurement by a titration to the zero point of charge (ZPC). The reason: a zero surface charge gives a zero signal, whatever the applied method is. A titration to the ZPC with a polyelectrolyte solution of known charge delivers an absolute result without the need of making assumptions.
The result of adding a polyelectrolyte (PE) solution of known elementary charge concentration, 0.01N cationic for example, until the measurement signal is zero is the so called “consumption”. It is measured in Coulomb [C]. The measured charge referred to the mass [C g -1 ], volume [C ml -1 ] or total surface [C m -2 ] is the so called charge density. These are absolute results.
NO ASSUMPTION needed - THIS is the strength of Stabino®.
Why? - The measurement is electro mechanical, with an extremely fast response; in this case a titration can be finished in a few minutes. In addition, the method is applicable to the widest field of samples (see table it in question 8). In most cases without the need to dilute the sample.
3) How does the streaming potential match to the zeta potential of the electrophoresis?
The streaming potential is calibrated to the electrophoresis potential of a known zeta potential standard. Again, the measured signal, whether it is calibrated to zeta potential or not, is a relative monitor signal for the presence of charges in the sample. The total charge is the most trustworthy answer about the amount of charges located on the surface of the sample and therefore the best prediction of the stability.
4) What kind of sample and solvent can be measured?
All samples from 0.3 nm to 300 µm. Solvents: water and alcohols and mixtures of so called polar liquids. NO UNPOLAR ORGANIC SOLVENT!!! It does not make sense, by the way.
5) Is the temperature controlled?
A sensor is included as standard. A temperature controller is an accessory (0°C up to 90°C).
6) What is the function of the piston gap?
The streaming velocity of the liquid depends on the gap between the cell wall and the piston. Narrow gap = high fluid speed, wide gap = low speed. The gap (streaming velocity) plays on the sensitivity of the signal. It is comparable to the linear influence of the electric field to the velocity of the particles in an electrophoretic setup.
7) What is the difference between white cell and black cell?
White - for clear and white samples.
Black - for colored and black samples.
8) What are the strengths of Stabino® related to optical methods?
Particle Metrix, January 2017
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